Validation of a test for early detection of literacy difficulties in Ecuador Validation of a hardship risk test

Abstract

Introduction: Learning difficulties are the alterations with the most significant presence in school classrooms, and their indicators can be diagnosed and prevented early. This research aimed to validate the test for the early detection of difficulties in learning to read and write.

Methods: The research approach was quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional. Construct validity was used according to the original proposal of the test and reliability through Cronbach's alpha in a sample of 501 four-year-old Ecuadorian children.

Results: The validation of the instrument shows a moderate correlation between the subtasks and a high correlation between the subtasks and the total score. The reliability is good, α = 0.71, very close to that of the Spanish population α = 0.73. Therefore, the test can be used in the Ecuadorian context in its original version, adapting two words in the instructions to the linguistic reality of the country and for the qualification of the cutoff points of difficulty.

Conclusion: With the easy application of the "test of reading" in 4-year-old children, the authors recommended its application for the identification of dyslexia and phonological processing deficits in school children in Ecuador. The reading test's validity allows its application at a regional level.